Дапаможнік для саманавучання
Мадальныя дзеясловы (modal verbs)
1 can
2 could
3 will + працяг
4 would
5 shall
6 should
7 may
8 might
9 must
10 ought to
Паўмадальныя дзеясловы (semi-modal verbs)
1 used to
2 need
3 dare
4 had better
5 have (got) to
6 be able to
Часы (tenses) — The Active Voice — незалежны стан, актыўныя канструкцыі
| simple | continuous (progressive) |
perfect | perfect continuous | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | V / Vs (he, she, it) don’t / doesn’t + V Do / Does + дзейнік + V ? every day always on Mondays usually sometimes seldom rarely never at weekends |
am / is / are + Ving at the moment now |
have / has + V3 just already yet (яшчэ не / ужо?) never ever recently so far this morning three times for since How much How many [times] (time until now дагэтуль) |
have / has + been + Ving How long ... ? for since all morning |
| past | V2 / Ved didn’t + V Did + дзейнік + V ? пра мінулае: yesterday last week at 3 o’clock in 2002 six months ago (finished time) When did ... ? What time did ... ? |
was / were + Ving when |
had + V3 before for when адбылося да моманту ў мінулым |
had + been + Ving before for very long all day адбывалася да моманту ў мінулым |
| future | will + V won’t --- .: am / is / are + Ving (у планах) .: am / is / are + going to V .: present simple (згодна з раскладам) tomorrow tonight this evening next week soon |
will + be + Ving this time next week |
will + have + V3 by this time tomorrow by the time |
will + have + been + Ving next year by the time |
| штодзённасць моманту | працэс | вынік | працягласць працэсу |
Часы (tenses) — The Passive Voice — залежны стан, пасіўныя канструкцыі
be + V3 (by + agent)
| simple | continuous |
perfect | perfect continuous | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | am / is / are told I’m told (by Janik) that you’re thinking of leaving. |
am / is / are being told I am always being told (by Janik) that you are leaving. |
have / has been told I have been told (by Janik) that you are leaving. |
have / has been being told I have been being told (by Janik) for ages that you are leaving. (рэдка) |
| past | was / were told I was told (by Janik) that you were leaving. |
was / were being told I was always being told (by Janik) that you were leaving. |
had been told I had already been told (by Janik) that you were leaving. |
|
| future | will be told Janik will be told (by me) that you are leaving. |
will have been told By tomorrow Janik will have been told (by me) that you are leaving. |
1 Нестандартныя дзеясловы (irregular verbs)
2 Фразавыя дзеясловы (phrasal verbs)
Слоўнік граматычных тэрмінаў (Grammar words / Glossary)
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